QTL localization of seed-related traits in Tibetan hulless barley based on a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism genetic map

The effective use of high-quality and high-yielding germplasm resources is of great importance for the development hulless barley varieties. Therefore, search such has long been a goal breeding community. In this study, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis was performed on an F2 (Nierumuzha × Kunlun 10) population. A high-density genetic map constructed, which contained 1 475 efficient single-nucleotide polymorphism markers with 7 052 bin markers. total length seven chromosomes 139.4 cM, an average marker distance 0.59 cM. Based linkage map, 54 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to seed traits were detected, including colour (SC), thousand kernel weight (TKW), area (SAA), perimeter (SP), (SL), width (SW), length/width (SLW), diameter (SD), circular degree (SCD). These QTLs explained 3.32–35.73% (mean = 11.45%) phenotypic interpretation, 24 main 30 epistatic QTLs. candidate genes identified within QTL region, one SC-associated transcription factor (ANT1), two TSW-related genes, (NAC021), gene associated non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway (ku70), three SAA-associated (LOL2, NAC021, TSK), SL-associated (MADS21, MADS4), six SW-associated (FIP1, DREB 1A, HVA22A, CYP78A6, SAUR71), five LW-related (NAM-B2, CRY1, LHY, CYP710A1, WRKY72), SP-related (SKIP11, TCP18), SD-related (NAC021, SKIP8), SCD-related (MYB1R1, RAX3, NAC100). are involved in regulation cell development, material transport, signal transduction, plant morphogenesis play important role agronomic barley. mapping identification provide valuable resource basis further molecular marker-assisted selection genomic studies.